China's Supreme People's Court reveals over 41,000 suspects repatriated from northern Myanmar for telecom fraud were sentenced by end-2025, including 16 executed. Key syndicates like Ming and Bai groups dismantled, with cases involving 10+ billion yuan and violent crimes.
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By the end of 2025, courts across China had sentenced more than 41,000 suspects repatriated from northern Myanmar for their roles in telecommunications fraud, according to information obtained by the Global Times from the Supreme People's Court (SPC) on Thursday.
An SPC spokesperson said that over 27,000 first-instance telecom fraud cases linked to northern Myanmar had been concluded nationwide. Judicial proceedings involving the Ming and Bai criminal groups — two of the widely noted "four major family" syndicates in the region — have now been fully completed.
In these cases, 39 defendants received life imprisonment or more severe penalties, including 16 who were sentenced to death and executed. Authorities said the two major cross-border armed criminal organizations have been dismantled.
The Ministry of Public Security launched a nationwide campaign in July 2023 targeting telecom fraud operations based in northern Myanmar that affected Chinese citizens. Over the past two years, the Ming and Bai groups have been sentenced, while cases involving the Wei and Liu syndicates have moved into the prosecution stage, meaning all four major networks have entered the judicial process.
On November 3, 2025, the Shenzhen Intermediate People's Court in Guangdong sentenced Bai Suocheng, Bai Yingcang, Yang Liqiang, Hu Xiaojiang and Chen Guangyi — key members of the Bai group — to death with additional penalties for crimes including intentional homicide, assault, fraud, drug-related offenses, kidnapping and running illegal casinos, according to Xinhua News Agency.
SPC review found that the Bai group, led by Bai Yingcang and other principal figures, had built and jointly developed multiple compounds in Myanmar's Kokang region. These sites were used to host financiers involved in illicit activities and were protected by armed personnel.
Investigations also confirmed that since 2015 the Ming family syndicate, led by Ming Guoping, Ming Zhenzhen and other core members, had established several compounds in Kokang. The group recruited investors, provided armed protection for telecom fraud and online gambling operations, and handled illicit funds exceeding 10 billion yuan (about $1.4 billion). The organization also collaborated with other fraud networks in violent acts that resulted in the deaths of 14 Chinese nationals and injuries to several others.
The SPC spokesperson said courts have applied strict and efficient measures in handling telecom and online fraud cases to protect public safety and property.
Between 2021 and 2025, Chinese courts concluded more than 159,000 first-instance telecom and online fraud cases, sentencing over 338,000 defendants. The number of concluded cases and convicted individuals rose sharply in 2023 and 2024, but growth slowed significantly in 2025, which authorities said reflects the phased impact of ongoing anti-fraud efforts.
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